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Wednesday, 12 November 2014

TCP/IP

TCP stands for Transmission control protocol and IP stands for Internet Protocol. It is the basic communication language or protocol of Internet. If the communication protocol is used as a private network then the protocol is used in Intranet or Extranet. To ensure reliability, ordered and error-checkeddelivery of data over a logical connection, TCP is used.This protocol is used at Transport Layerof Open System Interconnections (OSI) model.

Application programs send a large chunk of data across the Internet using IP. The software issues a single request to TCP and let TCP handle the IP details, instead of breaking the data into IP-sized pieces and issuing a series of IP requests.
The pieces of information which is exchanged are called packets. A packet is a sequence of bytes(octets) and consists of header followed by a body. The header describes the packets source address, destination address and control information. The body contains the data IP is transmitting.

IP(Internet Protocol) is connectionless protocol where no connection is required between sender and receiver to send any message. The message sending through IP may take adifferent route because each packet of message is transferred independently. This protocol is used at Network Layerof Open System Interconnections (OSI) model. X.25 Protocol is also a network layer protocol but is connection-oriented protocol. It is a lower layer of OSI model and handles the address part of each message packets so that it gets to right destination.In this protocol, a request for connection is first sent to destination. If the connection gets accepted the requesting party is given a connection identifier to use for further subsequent requests

Some of the higher layer Application protocols use TCP/IP to get to the Internet.World Wide Webs Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), the File Transfer Protocol (FTP), Telnet (Telnet), Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP), POP3, IMAP, SSH use TCP/IP.
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